Can a Dog Have a Reaction to the Bordetella Vaccine?

In today's post, our Laguna Woods vets explain why this vaccine is recommended for dogs that are frequently in close contact with other dogs, such as in boarding facilities, dog parks, or grooming salons.

Why should I get my dog vaccinated against Bordetella?

Bordetella, also known as kennel cough, is a common upper respiratory infection in dogs. If you've taken your dog to a daycare, boarding facility, or group obedience classes, you've probably been asked if your dog is vaccinated against kennel cough.

Diseases like Bordetella, parvovirus, rabies, hepatitis, and others can cause serious symptoms and may even be fatal for dogs. Vaccines such as the Bordetella vaccination can prevent these diseases from developing in your dog, thus preserving their health.

How and when is the Bordetella vaccine administered?

This vaccination comes in two forms: an intranasal spray that your vet will administer to your dog's nose and an injection. Both are comparably effective. The injectable Bordetella vaccine isn't suitable for dogs younger than eight weeks, but the nasal spray version can be administered to dogs as young as six weeks old. 

Can a dog have a reaction to the Bordetella vaccine in dogs?

Mild adverse reactions are possible with any vaccine and are to be expected. Seeing your pet react to a vaccine may be somewhat upsetting, but it's important to remember that these reactions are generally mild and short-lived. Knowing what to watch for in terms of vaccine reactions and what to do if your pup starts displaying more severe symptoms can help make the process of receiving a Bordetella vaccination less stressful for your pup and you.

Potential Side Effects of the Bordetella Vaccine in Dogs

We will review mild side effects to more serious side effects and when to seek veterinary care. 

Mild Side Effects

• Lethargy - A dog's most common reaction to receiving the Bordetella vaccine is a feeling of malaise, lethargy, or discomfort, often accompanied by a very mild fever. Many people would describe this feeling as "off." This reaction is the immune system of your dog working to respond to the vaccine appropriately. These symptoms are quite normal and should only last one or two days. Contact your vet if your dog isn't back to their normal energy levels after a few days.

• Lumps & Bumps - If your dog receives the injectable form of the Bordetella vaccine, lumps and bumps can occur, especially around the injection site. A small, firm bump may develop, as well as some tenderness and stiffness in the area. These bumps result from your dog's immune system rushing in to fight irritation at the injection site. 

• Sligh Fever -  A low-grade fever can occur as the dog's immune system responds to the vaccine. This is generally temporary.
• Injection Site Reactions - Mild swelling, tenderness, or a small lump at the injection site can occur. This should be resolved within a few days.
• Respiratory Symptoms -  If your dog is coughing after their Bordetella vaccine, and/or exhibiting other mild respiratory symptoms such as sneezing, or nasal discharge after receiving the intranasal Bordetella vaccine, don't worry too much. These symptoms usually subside within a few days.
• Gastrointestinal Symptoms -   Although rare, some dogs might experience gastrointestinal upset. Monitoring your dog for a day or two is usually sufficient, as these symptoms often resolve independently.

Serious Side Effects and When to Seek Veterinary Care

While rare, severe reactions can occur. These may include:

• Anaphylaxis - This is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, hives, vomiting, and collapse. If any of these symptoms occur, seek veterinary care immediately.
• Prolonged Lethargy or Lack of Appetite -  If your dog remains unusually lethargic or refuses to eat for more than 24 hours, contact your veterinarian.

How long does the Bordetella vaccine last in dogs?

The Bordetella vaccine can be administered as an injectable, intranasal, or oral vaccine. The immunity duration depends on the vaccine type used but typically lasts one year. Intranasal or oral vaccines generally provide immunity for six months to one year.

How often does a dog need a Bordetella shot?

The frequency of vaccination depends on your dog's lifestyle and risk of exposure. Generally, it is recommended that High-Risk Dogs, which are frequently exposed to other dogs, may need a Bordetella shot every six months. On the other hand, lower-risk dogs, which have less frequent exposure, might only need the vaccine annually.

Can I prevent my dog from having a reaction to the Bordetella vaccine? 

Vaccines help protect your dog's long-term health by preventing diseases from occurring in the first place. Your furry friend's risk of serious adverse reactions to vaccination is very low.

However, if your dog has had a reaction to a vaccine in the past, inform your vet beforehand. They may recommend skipping a certain vaccine in the future to reduce risks, especially for optional ones like Bordetella.

The risk of reactions to vaccinations increases when multiple vaccines are given at once, especially for smaller dogs. To minimize this risk, your vet may suggest administering the Bordetella vaccine separately from other vaccinations over several days.

Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.